Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, has a long and complex history in India. Historical evidence suggests that leprosy has been present in the Indian subcontinent for thousands of years, with references found in ancient texts such as the Atharva Veda (5,000 years ago). Throughout history, leprosy was often associated with social stigma and discrimination, leading to the isolation and marginalization of those affected.

In India, leprosy was prevalent during ancient times, and various rulers and empires attempted to address the disease through different means. The Mauryan emperor Ashoka (2,300 years ago) for example, is said to have established hospitals specifically for the treatment of leprosy patients. 

During the colonial period (1700-1947), the British established leprosy asylums and colonies to isolate and quarantine individuals affected by the disease. These policies further reinforced the social stigma surrounding leprosy and perpetuated discrimination against affected individuals.

There has been considerable international aid to civil society organizations. Just to mention one organisation, Leprosy Mission Trust began in 1874 with public support from Britain. International aid to Civil Society organisations continues to this day – though it is significantly decreased and stopped to many. 

The government of India launched the National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) in 1955, to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem. The NLEP focused on early detection, treatment with multi-drug therapy (MDT), and rehabilitation of affected individuals. 

India achieved statistical elimination of leprosy defined as less than 1 case per 10,000 population, on 31 December, 2005 with a national prevalence rate of 0.96. As a result, leprosy services were integrated with the General Health-Care System in India.

Despite significant progress, leprosy remains a public health challenge in India. The country accounts for over 50% of the global leprosy burden, with thousands of new cases reported annually. Factors such as poverty, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and social stigma contribute to the persistence of leprosy in certain regions of India.